|
Stage
|
Age (Ma) CGTS 2008
|
GSSP Location
|
Latitude, Longitude
|
Boundary Level
|
Correlation Events
|
Status
|
Reference
|
| Cretaceous System |
| Upper Cretaceous Series |
|
Maastrichtian Stage
| 70.6 ± 0.6 |
Tercis les Bains, Landes, France |
43.6795°N 1.1133°W |
level 115.2 on platform IV of the geological site at Tercis les Bains |
Mean of 12 biostratigraphic criteria of equal importance. Closely
above is FAD of ammonite Pachydiscus neubergicus. Boreal proxy
is FAD of belemnite Belemnella lanceolata. |
Ratified 2001 |
Episodes 24/4, p. 229 –238, 2001 |
|
Campanian Stage | 83.5 ± 0.7 |
candidates are in southern England and in Texas |
|
|
Crinoid LAD Marsupites testudinarius |
|
|
|
Santonian Stage | 85.8 ± 0.7 |
candidates are Olazagutia (Spain) and Ten-Mile Creek (Texas) |
|
|
Inoceramid bivalve FAD Cladoceramus undulatoplicatus |
|
|
|
Coniacian Stage | 89.3 ± 1 |
candidates are in Poland (Slupia Nadbrzena), USA (Pueblo, Colorado), and Germany (Salzgitter-Salder Quarry) |
|
|
Inoceramid bivalve FAD Cremnoceramus rotundatus (sensu
Tröger non Fiege) |
|
|
|
Turonian Stage
| 93.6 ± 0.8 |
Pueblo, Colorado, USA |
38.2822°N 104.7275°W |
base of Bed 86 of the Bridge Creek Limestone Member |
Ammonite FAD Watinoceras devonense |
Ratified 2003 |
Episodes 28/2,p. 93 – 104, 2005 |
|
Cenomanian Stage
| 99.6 ± 0.9 |
Mount Risou, Hautes-Alpes, France |
44.3925°N 5.5119°E |
36 meters below the top of the Marnes Bleues Formation on the south
side of Mont Risou |
Planktonic foraminifer FAD Rotalipora globotruncanoides |
Ratified 2002 |
Episodes 27/1, p. 21–32, 2004 |
| Lower Cretaceous Series |
|
Albian Stage | 112 ± 1 |
Southeastern France |
|
|
Candidates include: (1) calcareous nannofossil FAD of
Praediscosphaera columnata (= P. cretacea of some
earlier studies), (2) carbon-isotope excursion (black-shale
episode), (3) ammonite |
|
|
|
Aptian Stage | 125 ± 1 |
candidate is Gorgo a Cerbara, Piobbico, Umbria-Marche, central Italy |
|
|
Magnetic -- base of Chron M0r; near FAD of Paradeshayesites
oglanlensis ammonite zone |
|
|
|
Barremian Stage | 130 ± 1.5 |
candidate is Río Argos near Caravaca, Murcia Province, Spain |
|
|
Ammonite FAD Spitidiscus hugii – Spitidiscus vandeckii group |
|
|
|
Hauterivian Stage | 133.9 ± 2 |
candidate is La Charce village, Drôme Province, southeast France |
|
|
Ammonite FAD of genus Acanthodiscus (especially A.
radiatus) |
|
|
|
Valanginian Stage | 140.2 ± 3 |
candidates are near Montbrun-les-Bains (Drôme province, SE France) and Cañada Luenga (Betic Cordillera, S. Spain) |
|
|
Calpionellid FAD Calpionellites darderi (base of
Calpionellid Zone E); followed by ammonite FAD “Thurmanniceras”
pertransiens |
|
|
|
Berriasian Stage | 145.5 ± 4 |
|
|
|
Candidates include: (1) Magnetic -- base of Chron M18r,
(2) Base of Calpionellid zone B, (3) ammonite FAD of Berriasella
jacobi |
|
|
| Jurassic System |
| Upper Jurassic Series |
|
Tithonian Stage | 150.8 ± 4 |
candidates are Mt. Crussol or Canjuers (SE France) and Fornazzo (Sicily, S. Italy) |
|
|
Near base of Hybonoticeras hybonotum ammonite zone and lowest
occurrence of Gravesia genus, and the base of magnetic
polarity Chron M22An |
|
|
|
Kimmeridgian Stage | 155.6 ± 4 |
candidate is Flodigarry (Isle of Skye, NW Scotland) |
57.6000°N 6.2000°W |
|
Ammonite near base of Pictonia baylei ammonite zone of Boreal
realm |
Anticipated 2009 |
|
|
Oxfordian Stage | 161.2 ± 4 |
candidates are Redcliff Point (Dorset, SW England) and Savouron (Provence, SE France) |
|
|
Ammonite Cardioceras redcliffense Horizon at base of the
Cardioceras scarburgense Subzone (Quenstedtoceras
mariae Zone) |
|
|
| Middle Jurassic Series |
|
Callovian Stage | 164.7 ± 4 |
candidates are Pfeffingen (Swabian Alb, SW Germany) and in Russia |
|
|
Ammonite FAD of the genus Kepplerites (Kosmoceratidae) (defines
base of Macrocephalites herveyi Zone in sub-Boreal province
of Great Britain to southwest Germany) |
|
|
|
Bathonian Stage | 167.7 ± 3.5 |
Ravin du Bès, Bas-Auran area, Alpes de Haute Provence, France |
43.9606°N 6.3153°E |
base of limestone bed RB07 |
Ammonite FAD Gonolkite convergens (defines base of
Zigzagiceras zigzag Zone) |
Ratified 2008 |
|
|
Bajocian Stage
| 171.6 ± 3 |
Murtinheira Section, Cabo Mondego, Portugal |
40.1992°N 8.9042°W |
base of Bed AB 11 |
Ammonite FAD Hyperlioceras mundum, Hyperlioceras furcatum,
Braunsina aspera, and Braunsina elegantula |
Ratified 1996 |
Episodes 20/1, p.16 – 22, 1997 |
|
Aalenian Stage
| 175.6 ± 2 |
Fuentelsaz, Spain |
41.1708°N 1.8333°W |
base of Bed FZ 107 |
Ammonite FAD Leioceras opalinum and Leioceras lineatum |
Ratified 2000 |
Episodes 24/3, p.166 –175, 2001 |
| Lower Jurassic Series |
|
Toarcian Stage | 183 ± 1.5 |
Peniche (Portugal) |
|
|
Ammonite near FAD of a diversified Eodactylites ammonite fauna;
correlates with the NW European Protogrammoceras paltus
horizon. |
|
|
|
Pliensbachian Stage
| 189.6 ± 1.5 |
Wine Haven, Robin Hood's Bay, Yorkshire Coast, England |
54.4069°N 0.4975°W |
base of Bed 73b |
Ammonite association of Bifericeras donovani and
Apoderoceras sp. |
Ratified 2005 |
Episodes 29/2, p. 93 –106, 2006 |
|
Sinemurian Stage
| 196.5 ± 1 |
East Quantoxhead, SW England |
51.1909°N 3.2364°W |
0.90 m above the base of Bed 145 |
Ammonite FAD Vermiceras quantoxense, Vermiceras palmeri |
Ratified 2000 |
Episodes 25/1, p. 22-28, 2002 |
|
Hettangian Stage | 199.6 ± 0.6 |
candidate is Kuhjoch section, Tyrol, Austria |
47.4839°N 11.5306°E |
|
FAD of first species (Psiloceras spelae) of Psiloceras
ammonite group; significantly above a sharp negative carbon-isotope
excursion |
Anticipated 2009 |
|
| Triassic System |
| Upper Triassic Series |
|
Rhaetian Stage | 203.6 ± 1.5 |
Key sections in Austria, British Columbia (Canada), and Turkey |
|
|
Near FAD of ammonite Cochloceras, conodonts Misikella
spp. and Epigondolella mosheri, and radiolarian
Proparvicingula moniliformis |
|
|
|
Norian Stage | 216.5 ± 2 |
Candidates are Black Bear Ridge in British Columbia (Canada) and Pizzo Mondello, Sicily (Italy) |
|
|
Base of Stikinoceras kerri ammonoid zone and near FAD of
Metapolygnathus echinatus within the M. communisti
conodont zones |
|
|
|
Carnian Stage | 228.7 ± 2 |
Prati di Stuores, Dolomites, Italy |
46.5269°N 11.9303°E |
base of marly limestone bed SW4, 45m from base of San Cassiano Formation |
Near FADs ammonoid Daxatina, conodont "Paragondolella"
polygnathiformis and bivalves Halobia. Just above base of
magnetic polarity zone S2n and above the maximum flooding surface of
Sequence Lad 3 of Hardenbol et al (1998). |
Ratified 2008 |
Albertiana 36, 2007 |
| Middle Triassic Series |
|
Ladinian Stage
| 237 ± 2 |
Bagolino, Province of Brescia, Northern Italy |
45.8193°N 10.4710°E |
base of a 15 – 20cm thick limestone bed overlying a distinctive
groove (“Chiesense groove”) of limestone nodules in a shaly matrix,
located about 5m above the base of the Buchenstein Beds |
Ammonite FAD Eoprotrachyceras curionii (base of the E.
curionii zone). Conodont FAD Budurovignathus
praehungaricus is in the uppermost Anisian. |
Ratified 2005 |
Episodes 28/4, p. 233 –244, 2005 |
|
Anisian Stage | 245 ± 1.5 |
Candidate section at Desli Caira (Dobrogea, Romania); significant sections in Guizhou Province (China) and South Primorye (Russia) |
45.0742°N 28.8022°E |
In Section B, the GSSP level will be either the FAD of conodont
Chiosella timorensis at the base of Bed GR7 at ca. 7 m; OR
the base of magnetozone MT1n at the 5.7 m level. |
Conodont FAD Chiosella timorensis or Magnetic -- base of
magnetic polarity MT1n |
Anticipated 2009 |
Albertiana 36, 2007. |
| Lower Triassic Series |
|
Olenekian Stage | 249.5 ± 0.7 |
Candidate GSSP Mud (Muth) village, Spiti valley, northwest India |
31.9654°N 78.0246°E |
base of Bed 13A-2, about 4.8m up in Mikin Formation., Section M04
(~4000 m elevation |
Conodont FAD Neospathodus waageni, just above base of
Rohillites rohilla ammonite zone, and below lowest occurrence
of Flemingites and Euflemingites ammonite genera.
Within a prominent positive Carbon-13 peak, and just above widely
recognizable sequence boundary. |
Anticipated 2009 |
Albertiana 36, 2007. |
|
Induan Stage
| 251 ± 0.4 |
Meishan, Zhejiang Province, China |
31.0798°N 119.7058°E |
base of Bed 27c in the Meishan D Section |
Conodont FAD Hindeodus parvus |
Ratified 2001 |
Episodes 24/2, p. 102 - 114, 2001 |
