|
Stage
|
Age (Ma) CGTS 2008
|
GSSP Location
|
Latitude, Longitude
|
Boundary Level
|
Correlation Events
|
Status
|
Reference
|
| Permian System |
| Lopingian Series |
|
Changhsingian Stage
| 253.8 ± 0.7 |
Meishan, Zhejiang Province, China |
31.0819°N 119.7064°E |
base of Bed 4a-2, 88 cm above the base of the Changxing Limestone at
the Meishan D Section |
Conodont FAD Clarkina wangi |
Ratified 2005 |
Episodes 29/3, p. 175-182, 2006 |
|
Wuchiapingian Stage
| 260.4 ± 0.7 |
Penglaitan, Guanxi Province, South China |
23.6953°N 109.3211°E |
base of Bed 6k in the Penglaitan Section |
Conodont FAD Clarkina postbitteri postbitteri |
Ratified 2004 |
Episodes 29/4, p. 253-262, 2006 |
| Guadalupian Series |
|
Capitanian Stage
| 265.8 ± 0.7 |
Nipple Hill, SE Guadalupe Mountains, Texas, U.S.A |
31.9091°N 104.7892°W |
4.5m above the base of the outcrop section of the Pinery Limestone
Member of the Bell Canyon Formation |
Conodont FAD Jinogondolella postserrata |
Ratified 2001 |
|
|
Wordian Stage
| 268 ± 0.7 |
Guadalupe Pass, Texas, U.S.A |
31.8658°N 104.8328°W |
7.6m above the base of the Getaway Ledge outcrop Section of the
Getaway Limestone Member of the Cherry Canyon Formation |
Conodont FAD Jinogondolella aserrata |
Ratified 2001 |
|
|
Roadian Stage
| 270.6 ± 0.7 |
Stratotype Canyon, Texas, U.S.A |
31.8767°N 104.8768°W |
42.7m above the base of the Cutoff Formation |
Conodont FAD Jinogondolella nankingensis |
Ratified 2001 |
|
| Cisuralian Series |
|
Kungurian Stage | 275.6 ± 0.7 |
candidates are in southern Ural Mtns. |
|
|
Near conodont FAD Neostreptognathus pnevi - N. exculptus |
Anticipated 2009 |
|
|
Artinskian Stage | 284.4 ± 0.7 |
candidates are in southern Ural Mtns. |
|
|
Conodont FAD Sweetognathus whitei |
Anticipated 2009 |
|
|
Sakmarian Stage | 294.6 ± 0.8 |
candidate is at Kondurovsky, Orenburg Province, Russia. |
|
|
Near conodont FAD Sweetognathus merrelli |
Anticipated 2009 |
|
|
Asselian Stage
| 299 ± 0.8 |
Aidaralash Creek, Kazakhstan |
50.2458°N 57.8914°E |
27m above the base of Bed 19, Aidaralash Creek |
Conodont FAD of isolated-nodular morphotype of Streptognathodus
"wabaunsensis" |
Ratified 1996 |
Episodes 21/1, p. 11-18, 1998 |
| Carboniferous System |
| Pennsylvanian Subsystem (series Classification Approved In 2004) |
| Upper Pennsylvanian Series |
|
Gzhelian Stage | 303.4 ± 0.9 |
candidates are in southern Urals or Nashui (south China). |
|
|
Conodont FAD Idiognathodus simulator (s.str.). Close to FAD
of ammonoid Shumardites. |
|
|
|
Kasimovian Stage | 307.2 ± 1 |
candidates are in southern Urals, southwest USA and Nashui (south China). |
|
|
Fusulinid FAD Protriticites, which is near ammonoid FAD
Eothalossoceras. Alternative (higher) base is fusulinid FAD
Montiparus montiparus, which is near conodont FAD
Idiognathodus sagittalis. Age given here is the higher
version; the lower one is about 1 myr older. |
|
|
| Middle Pennsylvanian Series |
|
Moscovian Stage | 311.7 ± 1.1 |
candidates are in southern Urals or Nashui (south China). |
|
|
Either conodont FAD Idiognathoides postsulcatus or
Declinognathodus donetzianus. |
|
|
| Lower Pennsylvanian Series |
|
Bashkirian Stage
| 318.1 ± 1.3 |
Arrow Canyon, Nevada |
36.7333°N 114.7778°W |
82.9m above the top of the Battleship Formation in the lower Bird
Spring Formation |
Conodont FAD Declinognathodus noduliferus |
Ratified 1996 |
Episodes 22/4, p. 272-283, 1999 |
| Mississippian Subsystem |
| Upper Mississippian Series (series Classification Approved In 2004) |
|
Serpukhovian Stage | 328.3 ± 1.6 |
candidates are Verkhnyaya Kardailovka (Urals) or Nashui (China) |
|
|
Conodont FAD Lochriea ziegleri |
|
|
| Middle Mississippian Series |
|
Visean Stage | 345.3 ± 2.1 |
Pengchong, south China |
24.4333°N 109.4500°E |
base of bed 83 in the Pengchong Section |
Benthic Foraminifer FAD Eoparastaffella simplex |
Ratified 2008 |
|
| Lower Mississippian Series |
|
Tournaisian Stage
| 359.2 ± 2.5 |
La Serre, France |
43.5555°N 3.3573°E |
base of Bed 89 in Trench E’ at La Serre, (but FAD now known to be at
base of Bed 85) |
Conodont FAD Siphonodella sulcata
IMPRECISE (GSSP discovered in
2006 to have biostratigraphic problems, and can not be correlated
with precision.) |
Ratified 1990 |
Episodes 14/4, p. 331-336, 1991; Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 43/2, p. 195 - 205, 2009 |
| Devonian System |
| Upper Devonian Series |
|
Famennian Stage
| 374.5 ± 2.6 |
Coumiac Quarry, near Cessenon, Montagne Noire, France |
43.4613°N 3.0403°E |
Base of Bed 32a |
Conodont FAD Palmatolepis triangularis, just above a major
extinction horizon (Kellwasser Event) with conodont LADs
Ancyrodella and Ozarkodina, and Goniatite LADs of
Gephuroceratidae and Beloceratidae |
Ratified 1993 |
Episodes 16/4, p. 433-441, 1993 |
|
Frasnian Stage
| 385.3 ± 2.6 |
Col du Puech de la Suque, Montage Noire, France |
43.5032°N 3.0868°E |
base of Bed 42’ at Col du Puech de la Suque section E |
Conodont FAD Ancyrodella rotundiloba |
Ratified 1986 |
Episodes 10/2, p. 97-101, 1987 |
| Middle Devonian Series |
|
Givetian Stage
| 391.8 ± 2.7 |
Jebel Mech Irdane, Morocco |
31.2374°N 4.3541°W |
base of Bed 123 |
Conodont FAD Polygnathus hemiansatus |
Ratified 1994 |
Episodes 18/3, p. 107-115, 1995 |
|
Eifelian Stage
| 397.5 ± 2.7 |
Wetteldorf, Eifel Hills, Germany |
50.1496°N 6.4716°E |
21.25m above the base of the exposed section, base of sample station WP30 |
Conodont FAD Polygnathus costatus partitus |
Ratified 1985 |
Episodes 8/2, p. 104-109, 1985 |
| Lower Devonian Series |
|
Emsian Stage
| 407 ± 2.8 |
Zinzil'ban Gorge in the Kitab State Geological Reserve, Uzbekistan |
39.2000°N 67.3056°E |
base of Bed 9/5 |
Conodont FAD Polygnathus kitabicus |
Ratified 1995 |
Episodes 20/4, p. 235-240, 1997 |
|
Pragian Stage
| 411.2 ± 2.8 |
Velká Chuchle, Prague, Czech Republic |
50.0147°N 14.3726°E |
base of Bed 12 in Velká Chuchle Quarry |
Conodont FAD Eognathodus sulcatus sulcatus and Latericriodus
steinachensis Morph beta |
Ratified 1989 |
Episodes 12/2, p. 109-113, 1989 |
|
Lochkovian Stage
| 416 ± 2.8 |
Klonk, near Prague, Czech Republic |
49.8550°N 13.7920°E |
within Bed 20 |
Graptolite FAD Monograptus uniformis |
Ratified 1972 |
IUGS Series A, 5, p. 96-109, 1977 |
| Silurian System |
|
Přídolí Series
| 418.7 ± 2.7 |
Požáry Section, Reporyje, Prague, Czech Republic |
50.0277°N 14.3249°E |
within Bed 96 |
Graptolite FAD Monograptus parultimus |
Ratified 1984 |
Episodes 8/2, p. 101-103, 1985; Geol. Series, Nat. Mus. Wales, 9, p. 90 - 100, 1989 |
| Ludlow Series |
|
Ludfordian Stage
| 421.3 ± 2.6 |
near Ludlow, UK |
52.3592°N 2.7772°W |
coincident with the base of the Leintwardine Formation |
Imprecise. May be near base of Saetograptus
leintwardinensis Graptolite zone. |
Ratified 1980 |
Lethaia 14; Episodes 5/3, p. 21-23, 1982; Geol. Series, Nat. Mus. Wales, 9, p. 73 - 90, 1989 |
|
Gorstian Stage
| 422.9 ± 2.5 |
near Ludlow, UK |
52.3592°N 2.7772°W |
coincident with the base of the Lower Elton Formation |
Graptolite FAD Saetograptus (Colonograptus) varians |
Ratified 1980 |
Lethaia 14; Episodes 5/3, p. 21-23, 1982; Geol. Series, Nat. Mus. Wales, 9, p. 73 - 90, 1989 |
| Wenlock Series |
|
Homerian Stage
| 426.2 ± 2.4 |
Sheinton Brook, Homer, UK |
52.6156°N 2.5647°W |
within upper part of the Apedale Member of the Coalbrookdale Formation |
Graptolite FAD Cyrtograptus lundgreni |
Ratified 1980 |
Lethaia 14; Episodes 5/3, p. 21-23, 1982; Geol. Series, Nat. Mus. Wales, 9, p. 51-73, 1989 |
|
Sheinwoodian Stage
| 428.2 ± 2.3 |
Hughley Brook, UK |
52.5811°N 2.6389°W |
base of the Buildwas Formation |
Imprecise. Between the base of acritarch biozone 5 and LAD of
conodont Pterospathodus amorphognathoides. The current GSSP
does not coincide with the base of the Cyrtograptus centrifugus
Biozone, as was supposed when the GSSP was defined. Restudy
recommends a slightly higher and correlatable level on condonts --
the Ireviken datum 2, which coincides approximately with the base of
the murchisoni Graptolite Biozone |
Ratified 1980 |
Lethaia 14; Episodes 5/3, p. 21-23, 1982; Geol. Series, Nat. Mus. Wales, 9, p. 51-73, 1989 |
| Llandovery Series |
|
Telychian Stage
| 436 ± 1.9 |
Cefn-cerig Road Section, Wales, UK |
51.9700°N 3.7900°W |
within the Wormwood Formation |
Just above Brachiopod LAD Eocoelia intermedia and below FAD
of Eocoelia curtisi |
Ratified 1984 |
Episodes 8/2, p. 101-103, 1985; Geol. Series, Nat. Mus. Wales, 9, p. 36-50, 1989 |
|
Aeronian Stage
| 439 ± 1.8 |
Trefawr Track Section, Wales, UK |
52.0300°N 3.7000°W |
within Trefawar Formation |
Graptolite FAD Monograptus austerus sequens |
Ratified 1984 |
Episodes 8/2, p. 101-103, 1985; Geol. Series, Nat. Mus. Wales, 9, p. 36-50, 1989 |
|
Rhuddanian Stage
| 443.7 ± 1.5 |
Dob's Linn, Scotland |
55.4400°N 3.2700°W |
1.6m above the base of the Birkhill Shale Formation |
Graptolite FAD Akidograptus ascensus |
Ratified 1984 |
Episodes 8/2, p. 101-103, 1985; Silurian Times No. 14 (2006) |
| Ordovician System |
| Upper Ordovician Series |
|
Hirnantian Stage
| 445.6 ± 1.5 |
Wangjiawan North section, N of Yichang city, Western Hubei Province, China |
30.9841°N 111.4197°E |
0.39m below the base of the Kuanyinchiao Bed |
Graptolite FAD Normalograptus extraordinarius |
Ratified 2006 |
Episodes 29/3, p. 183-196, 2006 |
|
Katian Stage
| 455.8 ± 1.6 |
Black Knob Ridge Section, Atoka, Oklahoma (USA) |
34.4305°N 96.0746°W |
4.0m above the base of the Bigfork Chert |
Graptolite FAD Diplacanthograptus caudatus |
Ratified 2006 |
Episodes 30/4, p. 258-270, 2007 |
|
Sandbian Stage
| 460.9 ± 1.6 |
Sularp Brook, Fågelsång, Sweden |
55.7137°N 13.3255°E |
1.4m below a phosphorite marker bed in the E14b outcrop |
Graptolite FAD Nemagraptus gracilis |
Ratified 2002 |
Episodes 23/2, p. 102-109, 2000 |
| Middle Ordovician Series |
|
Darriwilian Stage
| 468.1 ± 1.6 |
Huangnitang section, Changshan, Zhejiang Province, SE China |
28.8539°N 118.4897°E |
base of Bed AEP 184 |
Graptolite FAD Undulograptus austrodentatus |
Ratified 1987 |
Episodes 20/3, p. 158-166, 1997 |
|
Dapingian Stage
| 471.8 ± 1.6 |
Huanghuachang Section, NE of Yichang city, Hubei Province, S. China |
30.8605°N 110.3740°E |
10.57 m above base of the Dawan Formation |
Conodont FAD of Baltoniodus triangularis |
Ratified 2007 |
Episodes 28/2, p. 105 - 117, 2005; Episodes 32/2, p. 96-113, 2009 |
| Lower Ordovician Series |
|
Floian Stage
| 478.6 ± 1.7 |
Diabasbrottet, Hunneberg, Sweden |
58.3589°N 12.5024°E |
in the lower Tøyen Shale, 2.1m above the top of the Cambrian |
Graptolite FAD Tetragraptus approximatus |
Ratified 2002 |
Episodes 27/4, p. 265-272, 2004 |
|
Tremadocian Stage
| 488.3 ± 1.7 |
Green Point Section, western Newfoundland |
49.6829°N 57.9653°W |
at the 101.8m level, within Bed 23, in the measured section |
Conodont FAD Iapetognathus fluctivagus |
Ratified 2000 |
Episodes 24/1, p. 19 - 28, 2001 |
| Cambrian System |
| Furongian Series |
|
Stage 10 | 492 |
candidate section is Duibian (Zhejiang province, China) |
|
|
Trilobite FAD of Lotagnostus americanus. An internal substage
division might be FAD of Codylodus adesei conodont |
|
|
|
Stage 9 | 496 |
candidate sections at Duibian (Zhejiang province, China) and Gonggiri (Korea) |
|
|
Trilobite FAD of Agnostotes orientalis |
|
|
|
Paibian Stage
| 499 ± 2 |
Wuling Mountains, Huayuan County, NW Hunan Province, China |
28.3895°N 109.5257°E |
at 396 m in the Huaqiao Formation |
Trilobite FAD Glyptagnostus reticulatus |
Ratified 2003 |
Lethaia 37, p. 365-379, 2004 |
| Series 3 |
|
Guzhangian Stage | 503 |
Louyixi, Guzhang County, NW Hunan Province, S. China |
28.7200°N 109.9647°E |
121.3 m above the base of the Huaqiao Formation |
Trilobite FAD Lejopyge laevigata |
Ratified 2008 |
|
|
Drumian Stage
| 506.5 |
Drum Mountains, Millard County, Utah, USA |
39.5117°N 112.9915°W |
at the base of a dark-gray thinly laminated calcisiltite layer, 62 m
above the base of the Wheeler Formation |
Trilobite FAD Ptychagnostus atavus |
Ratified 2006 |
Episodes 30/2,p. 85-95, 2007 |
|
Stage 5 | 510 |
candidate sections are Wuliu-Zengjiayan (east Guizhou, China) and Split Mountain (Nevada, USA) |
|
|
Trilobite, potentially FAD of Oryctocephalus indicus |
|
|
| Series 2 |
|
Stage 4 | 517 |
|
|
|
Trilobite FAD Olenellus or Redlichia |
|
|
|
Stage 3 | 521 |
|
|
|
Trilobites -- their FAD |
|
|
| Terreneuvian Series |
|
Stage 2 | 528 |
|
|
|
Small Shelly Fossils, or Archaeocyathid species |
|
|
|
Fortunian Stage
| 542 ± 1 |
Fortune Head, SE Newfoundland, Canada |
47.0762°N 55.8310°W |
2.4m above the base of Member 2 in the Chapel Island Formation |
Trace fossil FAD Trichophycus pedum |
Ratified 1992 |
Episodes 17/1&2, p. 95-100, 1994 |
